Costs of air pollutants from shipping: a meta-regression analysis

ABSTRACT

This study estimated the external cost of air pollution from shipping by means of a meta-regression analysis, which has not been made before. Three pollutants, which were included in most of the primary studies, were considered: nitrogen oxides (NO_x), sulphur dioxides (SO₂) and particulate matters with a diameter of max 2.5 micrometres (PM_2.5). All primary studies included damages of health and a majority added impacts on agriculture and estimated the cost of air pollutants by transferring cost estimates from studies on costs of air emissions from transports in Europe. Different regression models and estimators were used and robust results were found of statistically significant emission elasticities of below one, i.e. total external costs increase by less than 1% when emissions increase by 1%. There was a small variation between the pollutants, with the highest elasticity for PM_2.5 and lowest for NO_x. Calculations of the marginal external cost of the pollutants showed the same pattern, with this cost being approximately six times higher for PM_2.5 than for the other pollutants. Common to all pollutants was that the marginal external cost decreases when emission increases. Another robust result was a significant increase in the cost of studies published in journals compared with other publication outlets. These findings point out some caution when transferring constant external unit cost of air pollutant from shipping, which is much applied in the literature, and the cost functions estimated in this study could thus provide a complementary transfer mechanism.     

专业力量齐发力 复工复产有实招——北海航海保障中心抗疫情保复工侧记

疫情阻击战到了最关键的阶段,保复工、稳发展迫在眉睫。北海航海保障中心(简称“中心”)主动作为,有效履职,积极加强与属地海事、引航、气象、港口等单位的协调沟通,针对辖区LNG、煤炭能源运输提供定制化优先服务,保障各类导助航设施、系统平稳正常运行。新冠肺炎疫情期间,共计为辖区1.7万余艘次船舶航行和13.5万人次旅客安全运送提供了及时、高效的航海保障服务。     

Effects of perceived safety,involvement and perceived service quality on loyalty intention among ride-sourcing passengers

Transportation - Ride-sourcing services are increasingly popular since they were first introduced in the last decade. Particularly in developing countries where public transport systems have...     

面向国产大型邮轮的虚拟设计评审方案研究

本文分析了国内大型邮轮三维设计模型的虚拟评审需求,基于Intergraph Smart 3D和SmartPlant Review软件,提出了国产大型邮轮虚拟设计评审的总体解决方案。该方案采用三维模型轻量化、模型虚拟评审以及大型邮轮设计-评审数据转换等关键技术,实现了面向大型邮轮设计的沉浸式三维模型全流程虚拟评审,并通过在国产大型邮轮设计模型上的应用测试,验证了该方案的可行性,可为提高大型邮轮设计生产效率、缩短建造周期以及降低生产成本等提供重要的技术支撑。     

基于三维激光扫描构建复杂管线BIM几何模型的影响因素分析

将三维激光扫描技术与 BIM 技术集成应用于施工阶段已越来越广泛。 通过定向对排名前 80 的施工企业 (排名以 2015-2016 年收入为准) 进行问卷调查, 分析三维激光扫描与 BIM 集成应用在施工阶段的应用情况以及总结影响其实施的众多因素, 并得到三维激光扫描技术与 BIM 技术集成应用于构建复杂管线 BIM 几何模型存在影响项目实施成败的 8 个主要因素。 其次, 通过 29 家施工企业对 8 个主要影响因素进行评价并打分, 根据打分结果利用熵权法得到 8 个主要影响因素的权重。 最后, 依据 8 个主要影响因素的权重总排序以及将其划分为 4 个层级, 给出利用三维激光扫描技术构建复杂管线 BIM 几何模型的实施建议, 为施工企业提供有价值的参考依据。     

CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道减振过渡段动力特性分析

针对高速铁路CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道减振地段与非减振地段的刚度过渡段进行研究,基于车辆-轨道耦合动力仿真分析,在各级过渡段减振垫刚度按双倍递减的情况下,讨论过渡段范围每一级过渡长度和过渡级数对轮轨动力响应的影响。研究结果表明:当过渡级数一定,每一级过渡长度采用3块轨道板长度(约15 m),轮轨力幅值、过渡段与减振地段交界面板缝两侧扣件下压力差值、车体垂横向加速度幅值、脱轨系数及轮轨减载率均最小,且钢轨挠曲变化率、列车运行品质和稳定性满足相关限值要求;当每一级过渡长度一定时,过渡级数采用3级,轮对垂向位移突变值、轮轨力幅值、钢轨挠曲变化率幅值、板缝两侧扣件下压力、过渡段与非减振地段交界面板缝两侧的错台量和扣件下压力差值均最小,且钢轨挠曲变化率、列车运行品质和稳定性满足相关限值要求;过渡段范围内,列车在经过轨道板缝时存在较大的轮轨冲击作用,尤其在各级过渡段的交界面,轮轨冲击作用更加显著,建议加强对板缝、各级过渡段交界面附近扣件系统的养护和核查。     

高速列车隧道空气动力学数值仿真系统的开发

介绍高速列车隧道空气动力学数值仿真系统的原理与应用。该系统对高速列车通过隧道时诱发的空气动力学效应进行模拟,计算结果有利于隧道的优化设计。     

Time-series analysis of remote-sensed chlorophyll and environmental factors in the Santa Monica–San Pedro Basin off Southern California

The time-series of remote-sensed surface chlorophyll concentration measured by SeaWiFS radiometer from September 1997 to December 2001 and the relevant hydrological and meteorological factors (remote-sensed sea surface temperature, atmospheric precipitation, air temperature and wind stress) in Santa Monica Bay and adjacent waters off southern California were analyzed using wavelet and cross-correlation statistical methods. All parameters exhibited evident seasonal patterns of variation. Wavelet analysis revealed salient long-term variations most evident in air temperature during El Niño 1997–1998 and in wind stress during La Niña 1998–1999. Short-period (<100 days) variations of remote-sensed chlorophyll biomass were mostly typical to spring seasons. Chlorophyll biomass was significantly correlated with air temperature and wind stress: an increase of chlorophyll biomass followed with 5–6-day time lag an increase of wind stress accompanied by a simultaneous decrease of air temperature. The mechanism of these variations was an intensification of phytoplankton growth resulting from the mixing of water column by wind stress and entrainment of nutrients into the euphotic layer.     

数字化集装箱码头探讨（e—CTerminal）

1 数字化集装箱码头(e-CTerminal)的提出近年来,随着我国经济形势的好转和加入WTO,港口企业生产经营环境发生很大变化,面临的市场形势是机遇与挑战并存。机遇是指:(1)国民经济形势持续好转,带来了进出口货量的增加,港口吞吐量增大,效益转好;